Tornado safety: Protection measures during severe storms

Tornado season

Tornadoes are among the most violent storms on Earth, with the US experiencing nearly 1,000 tornadoes each year. Characterized by rotating columns of air, tornadoes can reach wind speeds over 200 mph and can occur anytime, anywhere. Often found in "tornado alley", these storms form where the Gulf of Mexico's warm, moist air meets Canada's cold, dry air. In 2023, tornadoes caused roughly $1.38 billion in damage and over 50 deaths.

Tornadoes can strike with little notice, causing significant damage to structures and disrupting transportation, power, and communications. Recognizing tornado signs is imperative for safety and reducing property damage.

Tornado watch vs tornado warning

Tornado watch = be aware

• A tornado watch indicates that weather conditions are conducive to the formation of tornadoes. During this period, observe the sky for signs such as a greenish tint, low-lying wall clouds, or sounds resembling a freight train, which may signal the presence of a tornado.

Tornado warning = take action

• A tornado warning indicates that a tornado has been sighted or detected by radar. Individuals should seek shelter immediately. Warnings are issued for specific counties and/or cities, making them more localized than a watch.

Storm preparation

Develop a comprehensive tornado plan for tornado safety and preparedness. This plan should encompass:

- Emergency communication protocols
- Designated safe areas/shelter locations
- Evacuation procedures
- Emergency supplies
- First-aid kits

Regular tornado drills are advisable to identify and rectify potential issues within the plan before an actual tornado occurs.

Shelter during a tornado

During a tornado warning, it is essential to understand the appropriate actions for your current location. Identify a designated shelter area in advance to prepare for such an event. Avoid corners, windows, doors, and exterior walls. Do not open windows during the storm. Regardless of your location, always ensure that you protect your head.

Shelter scenarios:

• Office/building: Move away from windows and glass doors. Seek refuge in the lowest level, basement, or an interior room, closet, or hallway if no basement is available.
• Mobile home: Evacuate immediately and proceed to the nearest building or shelter.
• Department stores: Position yourself next to sturdy shelving or counters.
• Car: Do not attempt to outrun a tornado. Exit the vehicle and find shelter. If no buildings are nearby, lie in a low area and cover your head. If you cannot leave the vehicle, buckle up and keep your head below the window level.
• Outside: Locate a ditch or area lower than ground level to lie down in. Avoid overpasses or bridges, as they can amplify wind speeds and debris. Additionally, steer clear of areas with numerous trees due to the danger of falling.

Recovery

Following the storm, it is important to listen to emergency broadcasts for updates. Common hazards after tornadoes include downed power lines, gas leaks, and unstable structures. Do not re-enter damaged buildings until authorities have confirmed they are safe. If necessary, seek medical attention once the shelter-in-place order is lifted.

Resources:

Tornadoes. (2025)
What is a tornado? (n.d.)