Workplace violence: Hazards and prevention strategies

An act of workplace violence can include intimidation as well as behaviors that escalate to physical attacks resulting in injury or, in severe cases, death. Each year, approximately two million people in the US are victims of non-fatal violence in the workplace (Department of Labor).

Workplace violence is the third leading cause of fatal occupational injuries in the US (Occupational Safety and Health Administration). It is a significant concern for employers and employees, and safety measures should be taken to recognize the warning signs and to handle potentially dangerous situations.

No business is immune from workplace violence, but certain establishments are at higher risk for violent events. Factors that increase the chance of workplace violence may include:

• Money exchange with the public
• Working with mentally unsound people
• Working in isolation
• Service and care providers
• Establishments that serve alcohol
• Working late at night
• Working in high-crime areas
• Delivery drivers

Events may occur in a variety of circumstances and situations. These are the more common situations that have been identified:

• Robbery or other crime
• Dissatisfaction by customers
• Disgruntled employees or former employees
• Domestic violence that follows into the workplace

The outcome of an incident can have widespread impacts. The immediate result of physical and psychological repercussions experienced by those affected are of the utmost concern. Other considerations for adverse impact on the organization may include:

• Absence of skilled employee(s)
• Increased costs: security, workers compensation, productivity loss
• Damage or theft of property
• Morale challenges
• Public relations impact

Employers should consider having a workplace violence prevention program. Implementing a program that establishes a zero-tolerance policy toward violent acts against or by their employees may help mitigate the risk of assault.

A successful violence prevention program includes a well written policy, engineering controls, administrative controls and proper training to address the best response to a violent event.

Additional considerations may include:

• Securing the workplace. It may be necessary to install video surveillance, extra lighting, and alarm systems.
• Minimize access by outsiders. You may consider utilizing identification badges, electronic keys and guards.
• Limit the amount of cash on hand.
• Provide an escort or buddy system when leaving the workplace in potentially dangerous situations or at night.

Sources:
Occupational Safety and Health Administration - Workplace Violence.
DOL Workplace Violence Program.